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Species, Groups, and Varieties of Gemstones
Below is a chart which lists the groups, species, and variety of gemstones. There are over 130 species of minerals that have been cut into gemstones with 50 species in common use.
| Species | Group | Varieties |
|---|---|---|
| Crystallized quartz | -- | Amethyst, Ametrine, Citrine, Hawk's eye, Quartz Cat's eye, Rock Crystal, Rose Quartz, Smoky Quartz, Tiger's eye |
| Cryptocrystalline / Chalcedony | -- | Agate, Bloodstone, Carnelian, Chalcedony, Chrysocolla quartz, Chrysoprase, Jasper, Onyx, Sard |
| Chrysoberyl | -- | Alexandrite, Cat's eye, Yellow Chrysoberyl, Green Chrysoberyl, Brown Chrysoberyl |
| Beryl | -- | Emerald, Green Beryl, Aquamarine, Maxixe Beryl, Helidor, Morganite, Goshenite, Bixbite, Cat's eye Beryl |
| Andradite, Spessartine, Pyrope almandine, Grossular | Garnet | Demantoid, Topazolite, Melanite, Rhodolite, Hessonite, Mali Garnet, Tsavorite, Malaia Garnet |
| Cordierite | -- | Iolite |
| Jadeite (Jade) | Pyroxene | Green / Lavender / Red / Gray / White Jadeite |
| Actinolite / Tremolite (Jade) | Amphibole | Nephrite, Green / Black / Brown / Winered Nephrite |
| Lazurite | Sodalite | Lapis, Lazuli |
| Malachite | -- | -- |
| Microcline, Orthoclase, Albite, Oligoclase, Labradorite | Feldspar | Moonstone, Amazonite, Sunstone |
| Opal | -- | Common / White / Black / Boulder / Fire Opal |
| Forsterite | Olivine | Peridot, Chrysolite |
| Spodumene | Pyroxene | Kunzite, Hiddenite, Green Spodumene |
| Corundum | -- | Ruby, Sapphire, Star Ruby, Star Sapphire, Padparadscha |
| Spinel | Spinel | Red / Pink / Orange / Blue / Star Spinel |
| Zoisite | Epidote | Tanzanite, Thulite, Green Zoisite |
| Topaz | -- | Pink / Red / Yellow / Orange / Blue / Green / Cololess Topaz |
| Elbaite, Dravite, Schorl | Tourmaline | Green / Pink / Red / Yellow / Orange / Blue / Watermelon / Colorless / Cat's eye / Bi-color Tourmaline, Indicolite, Liddicoatite |
| Turquoise | Turquoise | |
| Zircon | -- | Blue, Green, Red, Yellow, Orange / Brown Zirzon |
Coming up, we will describe these varieties and species in more details.
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